What are the different types of vasculitis?
Vasculitis is a disease that affects people of all ages and both sexes. But science does not yet know why.
Vasculitis is a group of diseases whose common factor is inflammation of the blood vessels. These are rare diseases, although some of their variants have a relatively high incidence.
The origin of vasculitis is still uncertain for science. Except in the case of leukocytoclastic vasculitis due to hypersensitivity. In other cases, it is suspected that this is an autoimmune disease and / or a disease involving genetic factors.
These diseases are present in people of all ages, from young children to the elderly. However, some types affect particular age groups with particular intensity.
Something similar happens with respect to the frequency with which vasculitis is associated with sex. Some types are more common in men, others in women and others in both sexes.
What is vasculitis?
As we have already mentioned, it is a group of diseases characterized by inflammation of the blood vessels. These include capillaries, arteries, arterioles, veins and venules. Such an abnormality can cause a loss of blood circulation in the extremities or the organs, but also in the vital organs.
As there are different types of vasculitis, the manifestations and severity of the disease are highly variable. The main risk they present is compromising the functioning of the organs and limbs, which can lead to the development of ischemia and necrosis.
The symptoms are very varied, although they usually include manifestations such as asthenia, fever and general malaise. Localized assignments are also present, depending on the organ that is compromised by the disease.
General classification of vasculitis
The general classification of vasculitis is based on the mechanisms that produce it. There are 4 major subgroups, which are:
Type I - Allergic or anaphylactic vasculitis: this is an extreme reaction to a drug, foreign substance or infection
Type II - Cytotoxic or cytolytic: they come from the action of ANCA antibodies or neutrophil antitoplasmic antibodies; or ACEA, or endothelial antibodies to endothelial cells
Type III - Immuno-complex Mediation: This is the largest vasculitis group. As their name suggests, they come from the action of immune complexes
Type IV - Cytotoxic: in this case, the problem comes from the action of T lymphocytes
Although there is no ideal classification of vasculitis, the most accepted is the outcome of the international consensus conference held at Chapel Hill. It was revised in 2012 and is currently used worldwide.
According to this classification, the different types of vasculitis are:
Large vasculitis: those that affect the major arteries, especially the aorta and its branches. These include giant cell arteritis and Takayasu arteritis
Medium-sized blood vessels: they affect medium-sized arteries, such as visceral arteries and their branches. They facilitate the development of aneurysms and stenoses. This type includes polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) and Kawasaki disease
Small blood vessels: it affects arteries, arterioles, capillaries and intra-parenchymal veins
Vascular vasculitis variable: it affects blood vessels of all sizes. It includes Behçet's disease and Cogan's syndrome
Single-organ vasculitis (VSO): in arteries or veins of any size, but affecting only a specific organ
Other important information
Some types of vasculitis are more common by age. Kawasaki disease occurs most often in children and adolescents. Behçet's disease and Takayasu's arteritis are more common in 20- to 30-year-olds.
Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN), microscopic polyarteritis (PAM), granulomatous and allergic vasculitis of Churg-Strauss, primary central nervous system vasculitis, Buerger's disease, and Wegener's disease are much more common in adults of 40 years of age. at 60 years old.
Finally, giant cell arteritis is particularly prevalent in people over 50 years. Its maximum presence occurs in people over 80 years old.
Vasculitis is a group of diseases whose common factor is inflammation of the blood vessels. These are rare diseases, although some of their variants have a relatively high incidence.
The origin of vasculitis is still uncertain for science. Except in the case of leukocytoclastic vasculitis due to hypersensitivity. In other cases, it is suspected that this is an autoimmune disease and / or a disease involving genetic factors.
Something similar happens with respect to the frequency with which vasculitis is associated with sex. Some types are more common in men, others in women and others in both sexes.
What is vasculitis?
As we have already mentioned, it is a group of diseases characterized by inflammation of the blood vessels. These include capillaries, arteries, arterioles, veins and venules. Such an abnormality can cause a loss of blood circulation in the extremities or the organs, but also in the vital organs.
As there are different types of vasculitis, the manifestations and severity of the disease are highly variable. The main risk they present is compromising the functioning of the organs and limbs, which can lead to the development of ischemia and necrosis.
The symptoms are very varied, although they usually include manifestations such as asthenia, fever and general malaise. Localized assignments are also present, depending on the organ that is compromised by the disease.
General classification of vasculitis
The general classification of vasculitis is based on the mechanisms that produce it. There are 4 major subgroups, which are:
Type I - Allergic or anaphylactic vasculitis: this is an extreme reaction to a drug, foreign substance or infection
Type II - Cytotoxic or cytolytic: they come from the action of ANCA antibodies or neutrophil antitoplasmic antibodies; or ACEA, or endothelial antibodies to endothelial cells
Type III - Immuno-complex Mediation: This is the largest vasculitis group. As their name suggests, they come from the action of immune complexes
Type IV - Cytotoxic: in this case, the problem comes from the action of T lymphocytes
According to this classification, the different types of vasculitis are:
Large vasculitis: those that affect the major arteries, especially the aorta and its branches. These include giant cell arteritis and Takayasu arteritis
Medium-sized blood vessels: they affect medium-sized arteries, such as visceral arteries and their branches. They facilitate the development of aneurysms and stenoses. This type includes polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) and Kawasaki disease
Small blood vessels: it affects arteries, arterioles, capillaries and intra-parenchymal veins
Vascular vasculitis variable: it affects blood vessels of all sizes. It includes Behçet's disease and Cogan's syndrome
Single-organ vasculitis (VSO): in arteries or veins of any size, but affecting only a specific organ
Other important information
Some types of vasculitis are more common by age. Kawasaki disease occurs most often in children and adolescents. Behçet's disease and Takayasu's arteritis are more common in 20- to 30-year-olds.
Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN), microscopic polyarteritis (PAM), granulomatous and allergic vasculitis of Churg-Strauss, primary central nervous system vasculitis, Buerger's disease, and Wegener's disease are much more common in adults of 40 years of age. at 60 years old.
Finally, giant cell arteritis is particularly prevalent in people over 50 years. Its maximum presence occurs in people over 80 years old.
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